[20] Other major mountain ranges west of the divide include the Cabinet Mountains, the Anaconda Range, the Missions, the Garnet Range, the Sapphire Mountains, and the Flint Creek Range. Peter Ronan was in on the first rush to Alder Gulch and later became agent of the Flathead Indian Reservation. Three former Montana politicians have been named judges on the U.S. District Court: Charles Nelson Pray (who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1907 to 1913), James Franklin Battin (who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1961 to 1969), and Paul G. Hatfield (who served as an appointed U.S. [45] Known as laccoliths, they formed when igneous rock protruded through cracks in the sedimentary rock. Burnings of German-language books and several near-hangings occurred. Montana is one of few geographic areas in the world whose rivers form parts of three major watersheds (i.e. Nicknames, cool fonts, symbols and tags for Montanas. As settlers began populating Montana from the 1850s through the 1870s, disputes with Native Americans ensued, primarily over land ownership and control. Hell Roaring Creek begins in southern Montana, and when combined with the Red Rock, Beaverhead, Jefferson, Missouri, and Mississippi River, is the longest river in North America and the fourth longest river in the world. Montana's motto appears on the current state seal and the state flag. Major battles occurred in Montana during Red Cloud's War, the Great Sioux War of 1876, and the Nez Perce War and in conflicts with Piegan Blackfeet. Who is the longest reigning WWE Champion of all time? In addition, Amtrak's Empire Builder train runs through the north of the state, stopping in Libby, Whitefish, West Glacier, Essex, East Glacier Park, Browning, Cut Bank, Shelby, Havre, Malta, Glasgow, and Wolf Point. [147] The first homestead claim under the act in Montana was made by David Carpenter near Helena in 1868. [103], The climate has become warmer in Montana[when?] Fact 5: It is illegal to have a sheep in the cab of your truck without a chaperone. [157] Significant drops occurred following the drought in 1919. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service administers 16,800,000 acres (68,000 km2) of forest land in ten National Forests. [192] The state's Native American population grew by 27.9% between 1980 and 1990 (at a time when Montana's entire population rose 1.6%),[192] and by 18.5 percent between 2000 and 2010. [11] This time, Rep. Samuel Cox, also of Ohio, objected to the name. The District Courts also have de novo appellate jurisdiction from inferior courts (city courts, justice courts, and municipal courts), and oversee naturalization proceedings. [77] It flows north through Yellowstone National Park, enters Montana near Gardiner, and passes through the Paradise Valley to Livingston. North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Idaho . [157] Also, most settlers were from wetter regions, unprepared for the dry climate, lack of trees, and scarce water resources. [51] Farther east, areas such as Makoshika State Park near Glendive and Medicine Rocks State Park near Ekalaka contain some of the most scenic badlands regions in the state. Montana RailLink, a privately held Class II railroad, operates former Northern Pacific trackage in western Montana. [111][112] The warmer winters in the region have allowed various species to expand their ranges and proliferate. Montana ranks 29th among the U.S. states and ranks well for its natural environment and infrastructure. The seal shows some of Montana's beautiful scenery and tells what people were doing in pioneer times. What is Montanas state bird. [131] In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughtering of herds to deprive the Indians of their source of food. Other federally recognized sites include the Little Bighorn National Monument, Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Big Hole National Battlefield, and the National Bison Range. What influence does Sikhism have on drinking? The southern third of the Bitterroot range blends into the Continental Divide. A former member of the troupe who lived in Butte buttonholed Howard at an after-show party, asking him to compose a song about Montana and got another partygoer, the city editor for the Butte Miner newspaper, Charles C. Cohan, to help. Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. [27], East of the divide, several roughly parallel ranges cover the state's southern part, including the Gravelly Range, Madison Range, Gallatin Range, Absaroka Mountains, and Beartooth Mountains. [273], Montana does not have a Trauma I hospital, but does have Trauma II hospitals in Missoula, Billings, and Great Falls. [243] One is a member of the Great Northwest Athletic Conference. Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport is the busiest airport in the state of Montana, surpassing Billings Logan International Airport in the spring of 2013. [169], An economic depression began in Montana after World War I and lasted through the Great Depression until the beginning of World War II. Big Sky Country is an idea that has always intrigued me. This is a state that requires no effort to escape modern urban life. The taxable value is then multiplied by the mill levy established by various taxing jurisdictions—city and county government, school districts, and others.[223]. The state also has a small Métis population, and 1990 census data indicated that people from as many as 275 different tribes lived in Montana. Federal courts in Montana include the United States District Court for the District of Montana and the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Montana. The nearby city of Helena, also founded as a mining camp, had a similar mix in addition to a small Chinatown. [133], Cattle ranching has been central to Montana's history and economy since Johnny Grant began wintering cattle in the Deer Lodge Valley in the 1850s and traded cattle fattened in fertile Montana valleys with emigrants on the Oregon Trail. The place was flooded by gold miners making the city densely populated. [10] The name was changed by representatives Henry Wilson (Massachusetts) and Benjamin F. Harding (Oregon), who complained Montana had "no meaning". Both Montana nicknames come from an advertising booklet made by the Montana Bureau of Agriculture, Labor, and Industry. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres were usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. [307] The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. Woman Tries to Kidnap Joe Montana’s Grandchild, Must Have Forgotten His Nickname. The students were Indian children and the children of Fort Owen employees. [208], Montana's Constitution specifically reads, "the state recognizes the distinct and unique cultural heritage of the American Indians and is committed in its educational goals to the preservation of their cultural integrity. District Courts have jurisdiction primarily over most civil cases, cases involving a monetary claim against the state, felony criminal cases, probate, and cases at law and in equity. About 2000–3000 Chinese miners were in the mining areas of Montana by 1870, and 2500 in 1890. "Land of Shining Mountains". Current law allows both hunters and trappers specified numbers ("limits") of wolves and mountain lions. 967,440. The constitution requires the establishment of a Montana Supreme Court and Montana District Courts, and permits the legislature to establish Justice Courts, City Courts, Municipal Courts, and other inferior courts such as the legislature sees fit to establish. Ninety percent of its language came from an 1884 constitution which was never acted upon by Congress for national political reasons. [26][61] The Pend Oreille River forms the outflow of Lake Pend Oreille. Pioneering feminist author, film-maker, and media personality Mary MacLane attained international fame in 1902 with her memoir of three months in her life in Butte, The Story of Mary MacLane. They are not term limited. "[209] It is the only state in the U.S. with such a constitutional mandate. Ecotaxes on resource extraction are numerous. What is the best way to fold a fitted sheet? [244], A variety of sports are offered at Montana high schools. After three years, a fee of one dollar per acre would be paid and the land would be owned by the settler. The property's value is multiplied by a tax rate, set by the Montana Legislature, to determine its taxable value. Decisions of the court are appealable directly to the Montana Supreme Court. The largest mining operations were in the city of Butte, which had important silver deposits and gigantic copper deposits. [301] It is an equitable distribution and no-fault divorce state. [120] Until the Oregon Treaty (1846), land west of the continental divide was disputed between the British and U.S. and was known as the Oregon Country. No textbooks were used in the school. The University of Montana (UM) is a public research university in Missoula, Montana.UM is a flagship institution of the Montana University System and its second largest campus. Montanas nickname is the treasure state and it got its nickname from its extensive mineral reserves. [176] Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus announced on September 3, 2015, that Virginia Class attack submarine SSN-794 will become the second commissioned warship to bear the name. Montana is home to diverse fauna including 14 amphibian,[91] 90 fish,[92] 117 mammal,[93] 20 reptile,[94] and 427 bird[95] species. [206], About 66,000 people of Native American heritage live in Montana. Montana", University of Montana, Bureau of Business and Economic Research 2011, "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States", "Population of Montana: Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts", Census Bureau-Annual Estimates of Race 2012, Montana Office of Public Instruction 2009, https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/2015/comm/percent-veterans.html, "The Association of Religion Data Archives—Maps & Reports", "Montana Constitution, Article X, section 1", "Montana Schools Try to Keep Indian Students Engaged by Teaching Indian Culture to All", "National Vital Statistics Reports Volumne 64, Number 1, January 15, 2015", "National Vital Statistics Reports, Volume 64, Number 12, December 23, 2015 (The general fertility rate for 2014 on page 4 was corrected to read 62.9 on December 23, 2015. Elementary and secondary education are overseen by the Office of Public Instruction (led by the elected superintendent of public instruction), in cooperation with the governor-appointed Board of Public Education. [315] A state seal with a miner's pick and shovel above the motto, surrounded by the mountains and the Great Falls of the Missouri River, was adopted during the first meeting of the territorial legislature in 1864–65. [108][112] According to a study done for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Science, parts of Montana will experience a 200% increase in area burned by wildfires, and an 80% increase in related air pollution.[114][115]. [66] Major tributaries of the Yellowstone include the Boulder,[83] Stillwater,[84] Clarks Fork,[85] Bighorn,[86] Tongue,[87] and Powder Rivers. There have also been long-term shifts of party control. In their place was an assortment of books brought by various emigrants. The executive branch is headed by an elected governor. The most familiar nickname for Montana is "The Treasure State" because of its rich mineral reserves. The … [305], Historically, Montana is a swing state of cross-ticket voters who tend to fill elected offices with individuals from both parties. In 1916, Montana became the first state to elect a woman, Progressive Republican Jeannette Rankin, to Congress. Montana designated the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) as the official state tree in 1949. These three communities are the centers of Montana's three Metropolitan Statistical Areas. [167], The Montanans who opposed U.S. entry into the war included immigrant groups of German and Irish heritage, as well as pacifist Anabaptist people such as the Hutterites and Mennonites, many of whom were also of Germanic heritage. Highway 212, the primary paved route between the two, passes through the northeast corner of Wyoming between Montana and South Dakota. Montana is rich in deposits of copper, silver, and gold. [67] The Missouri enters North Dakota near Fort Union,[68] having drained more than half the land area of Montana (82,000 square miles (210,000 km2)). The first state governor was Joseph K. In 1985, the Montana Legislature passed a law allowing towns with fewer than 5,500 residents and unincorporated communities with fewer than 2,500 to levy a resort tax if more than half the community's income came from tourism. Many species of mushrooms and lichens[90] are also found in the state. There they join the Saskatchewan River, which ultimately empties into Hudson Bay.[27]. [279] As of August 2013, there are 527 FCC-licensed FM radio stations broadcast in Montana, with 114 such AM stations. This shift continued with the reapportionment of the state's legislative districts that took effect in 1994, when the Republican Party took control of both chambers of the state legislature, consolidating a Republican party dominance that lasted until the 2004 reapportionment produced more swing districts and a brief period of Democratic legislative majorities in the mid-2000s. Montana's single congressional district holds the largest population of any district in the country, which means its one member in the House of Representatives represents more people than any other member of the U.S. House (see List of U.S. states by population). Many people left, and half the banks in the state went bankrupt as a result of providing mortgages that could not be repaid. [233] Sarah quit teaching the following year, but she later become the Madison County superintendent of schools.[232]. [193], As of 2009, almost two-thirds of Native Americans in the state live in urban areas. [140] Surveys in 1874, 1875, and 1876 helped spark the Great Sioux War of 1876. The name Montana is of Spanish and Latin origin. Its rivers feed the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and Hudson Bay. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan to the north; Idaho to the west; North Dakota and South Dakota to the east; and Wyoming to the south. In turn, pro-War groups formed, such as the Montana Council of Defense, created by Governor Samuel V. Stewart and local "loyalty committees". What are the states that border Montana . How can the sky be bigger over yonder than over hither? "A depiction of mountains, plains, forests, and the Great Falls of the Missouri River. Each court member served a six-year term. [52], The Hell Creek Formation in Northeast Montana is a major source of dinosaur fossils. [113] The combination of warmer weather, attack by beetles, and mismanagement has led to a substantial increase in the severity of forest fires in Montana. )", "National Vital Statistics Reports, Volume 66, Number 1, January 5, 2017", "National Vital Statistics Reports Volume 67, Number 1, January 31, 2018", "National Vital Statistics Reports Volume 67, Number 8, November 7, 2018", "MONTANA HISTORY ALMANAC: First school opens doors in Virginia City", Montana High School Association-Football 2013, "Beef Trail Ski Area: A Montana Original", National Park Service-Yellowstone in Winter 2013, "worldpopulationreview.com/states/suicide-rates-by-state/", Proposed 1972 Constitution for the State of Montana: Official Text With Explanation, 1972–Current Historical Constitutional Initiatives and Constitutional Amendments, "Utah Dept of Alcoholic Beverage Control", "RANKIN, Jeannette | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives", "Congressional Apportionment: 2010 Census Briefs", "Gross Domestic Product by State – Advance Statistics for 2010 and Revised Statistics for 2007–2009", "Billings Logan International Remains Busiest in Montana", "Forest Service Finds Varied Beetle Activity", "Resources for Working With the Indigenous Languages of North America and the Pacific Islands", "U.S. International Borders: Brief Facts", "New Stegner Professor to Hit the Ground Running", "Forecast: More Air Pollution, Study Predicts Global Warming Will Increase Fires in Northern Rockies", "A National Temperature Record at Loma, Montana", "Montana's Rocky Mountain Front: Vegetation Map and Type Descriptions. In July 1889, Montanans convened their third constitutional convention and produced a constitution accepted by the people and the federal government. The Big Hole Valley,[31] Bitterroot Valley,[32] Gallatin Valley,[33] Flathead Valley,[34][35] and Paradise Valley[36] have extensive agricultural resources and multiple opportunities for tourism and recreation. No towns are precisely antipodal to Kerguelen, though Chester and Rudyard are close. In the year 1875, Helena became the capital of Montana territorial and Montana gained its statehood in 1889. This is how it got the name the Treasure State. The Anaconda Copper Company, which was at its historic peak of copper production,[168] was an extremely powerful force in Montana, but it also faced criticism and opposition from socialist newspapers and unions struggling to make gains for their members. Its four bordering states are South Dakota, Wyoming, Idaho, and North Dakota. Greg Gianforte is the current officeholder. The lone congressional district has been Republican since 1996 and in 2014 Steve Daines won one of the state's U.S. Senate seats for the GOP. [165] In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. [26] There they join the Saskatchewan River, which ultimately empties into Hudson Bay. She referred to Butte throughout the rest of her career and remains a controversial figure there for her mixture of criticism and love for Butte and its people. A recently-trending, popular unofficial nickname for Billings is "B-Town". [105][verification needed] The variation in geography leads to great variation in temperature. The health care, service, and government sectors also are significant to the state's economy. [285][286] Montana's other major airports include Missoula International Airport, Great Falls International Airport, Glacier Park International Airport, Helena Regional Airport, Bert Mooney Airport and Yellowstone Airport. The organization is an outreach endeavor that is part of the College of Arts & Architecture at Montana State University, Bozeman. [97][note 1] Since re-introduction the gray wolf population has stabilized at about 900 animals, and they have been delisted as endangered. Other significant economic resources include oil, gas, coal, mining, and lumber. Previously, these cold spells had killed off bark beetles, but these are now attacking the forests of western Montana. The legislature meets in the Montana State Capitol in Helena in odd-numbered years for 90 days, beginning the first weekday of the year. The Big Sky Country . The most notorious of Montana's early senators was William A. Clark, a "Copper King" and one of the 50 richest Americans ever. [28] The Beartooth Plateau is the largest continuous land mass over 10,000 feet (3,000 m) high in the continental United States. The geographic center of population of Montana is in sparsely populated Meagher County, in the town of White Sulphur Springs. Through the mid-20th century, the state had a tradition of "sending the liberals to Washington and the conservatives to Helena". The fourth-largest state by area, Montana also has the third-lowest population density in the country. [261] Robert Redford's 1992 film of Norman Mclean's novel, A River Runs Through It, was filmed in Montana and brought national attention to fly fishing and the state. The court employs 12 permanent special masters. 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