Chickpea is valued for its nutritive seeds with high protein content, 25.3-28.9 %, after dehulling (Hulse, 1991). 1997. History and origin of Chickpea. 2005. Vavilov NI. (1984) Taxonomy, Distribution and Evolution of the Chickpea and its Wild Relatives. Its different types are variously known as gram or Bengal gram, garbanzo or garbanzo bean, Egyptian pea. The wild version of chickpeas ( Cicer reticulatum) is only found in parts of what is today southeastern Turkey and adjacent Syria, and it is likely that it was first domesticated there, about 11,000 years ago. This book covers all aspects of chickpea breeding and management, including: origin, taxonomy and ecology; geographic distribution; nutrition; genetics and cytogenetics; breeding methods and achievements; wild relatives; and genetic enrichment using molecular biology and biotechnology. Chickpeas were part of the culture that first developed farming on our planet, called the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period. Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea) is the world's fourth most widely grown pulse. Global strategy for the ex situ conservation of chickpea (Cicer L.) [online]. Chickpea is the cultivated legume, Cicer arietinum (L.). 1987. The secondary genepool (GP2), the next closest group, consists of three annual wild Cicer species, C. judaicum Boiss. This chapter focuses on the history and origin of chickpea, with emphasis on domestication, evolution of crop types, centres of diversity and crop production. Data from these centres were reviewed and the best and adaptable practices were identified and compiled here. In: Singh RJ, Jauhar PP, editors. The success of chickpea on a global scale is due to its high seed-protein content (nearly 20 %) and, as a result, its potential as a valuable meat substitute. • 84 plants are listed for Cereals and Legumes: durum wheat, Mediterranean oats, sand oats, pea. Chickpea is grown in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate regions. Global Crop Diversity Trust. Information was edited into a uniform format and uploaded onto this website, complemented with relevant photos and revised and validated by the crop experts. CABI, Wallingford, UK. Primary center of origin- soybean, radish, orange, pear, millets, oats and Chinese cabbage. Chickpea can be consumed cooked, baked, roasted, popped (like popcorn), stewed, or ground into flour (gram flour). Rich., and 34 wild perennial Cicer species (Ahmad et al, 2005). 2007. Other names for this crop of Neolithic southwest Asian origin include garbanzo bean in the Americas, hamaz in Arabic countries, nohud or lablabi in Turkey, shimbra in Ethiopia, and bengal gram or chana in India (Redden & Berger 2007: 9). pp 187-217. Chickpea seeds contain an average of 23% proteins and the crop meets up to 80% of the nitrogen requirements from symbiotic nitrogen fixation. A member of the pea and bean family (Leguminosae/Fabaceae), Cicer arietinum is one of 43 species in the genus Cicer. secondary center of origin- maize, rajma, cowpea, turnip and sesame. TY - GEN. T1 - Origin, history and taxonomy of Chickpea. & Spach (Tayyar and Waines, 1996). The Chickpea. The pea plant is an annual sticky herb till 1.64 feet tall.Stems slender, pubescent and branchy. Four centres of diversity were identified in the Mediterranean, Central Asia, the Near East and India, as well as a secondary centre of origin in Ethiopia (Vavilov, 1951). Genetic relationships among the annual species of Cicer L. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Chickpea Breeding & Management. Available from: Compilation of information on current practices for genebank management of chickpea was lead by ICRISAT, Patancheru, India in collaboration with Bioversity International. Chickpea. Name of crop [e.g. to the color of seed and geographic distribution, chickpea is grouped into two biotypes: Desi (Indian origin) and Kabuli (Mediterranean and Middle Eastern origin) while Kabuli cultivars have large seeds with white to cream colored seed coat, Desi cultivars have … This service is more advanced with JavaScript available. closely related to chickpea and those in GP2 and GP3 are distantly related to chickpea (Kupicha, 1977). Chinese Center of origin Mediterranean Center • Includes the borders of the Mediterranean Sea. 48:197-204. Vavilov (1926, 1949-50) designated two primary centres of origin (now centres of diversity), south-west Asia and the Mediterranean, and a secondary one, Ethiopia. Watch a great documentary on the importance of genetic diversity, land races and crop wild relatives, to the future of agriculture in the face of climate change and other challenges. Most production and consumption of chickpea takes place in developing countries. Tayyar R, Federici CV, Waines GJ. The plant also plays an important role in farming systems, due to its efficient symbiotic nitrogen fixation properties. Leaves compound, provided with 3 to 8 pairs of leaflets oval, toothed, with a terminal leaflet.. Recording information during distribution . Three genepools have been proposed for grouping Cicer species: the primary genepool (GP1) includes the cultivated species C. arietinum and two wild annual species C. echinospermum P.H. Genetic Resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement - Grain Legumes Vol. 409 pages. 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