Students use real-world data to evaluate whether solar power is a viable energy alternative for several cities in different parts of the U.S. (Grades Working in small groups, students act as engineers evaluating the suitability of installing solar panels at four company locations. 8), Energy can be grouped into major forms: thermal, radiant, electrical, mechanical, chemical, nuclear, and others. This table is given under the Wind Speed Offshore icon in the lower left corner, but for easy accessibility it is provided below. MS-ETS1-2. Do you agree with this alignment? Energy Experts, Explore and Explain: While students access data and evaluate maps, verify understanding through questioning and monitoring of student work. NREL delivers impactful scientific discoveries, innovations and insights that transform clean energy technologies, systems and markets. 9 - If you’re thinking of buying anything for your lab, this is the unit to get. Activity, Copyright © 2012 Renewable Energy Living Lab, Colorado School of Mines, Copyright © 2016 Renewable Energy Living Lab, Colorado School of Mines. Recommended option (solar panels or wind turbines). Engineers use data to understand problems and evaluate potential solutions. Go to http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/renewable_energy/ and click to enter the Renewable Energy Living Lab. Renewable Energy Living Lab: Energy Experts. Worksheet: Have students use the attached Power Your School Worksheet to guide the activity, which includes calculating the amount of solar and wind energy the school could potentially generate in one year. Sites must have a high potential for generating electrical energy from a renewable source. 8), Throughout history, new technologies have resulted from the demands, values, and interests of individuals, businesses, industries, and societies. (Grades Although no charge or fee is required for using TeachEngineering curricular materials in your classroom, the lessons and activities often require material supplies. fossil fuel: A type of fuel formed by the decay and decomposition process of dead organisms buried in the Earth for millions of years. But what system will work best for the money? renewable energy: Energy obtained from natural resources that are continually replenished, for example, regardless of how much of the Sun's heat energy is "used" today, more is received by the Earth tomorrow. Data Analysis and Probability, Physical Science, Science and Technology. Include both relative descriptions [that is, low, medium, high] and numerical data [that is, 5.0 kWh/m. Students should be aware that watt-hours (Wh) or kilowatt-hours (kWh), are units of energy, while watts (W) or (kW) are units of power. There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet the criteria and constraints of a problem. fossil fuel: A type of fuel formed by the decay and decomposition process of dead organisms buried in the Earth for millions of years. The webpage provides a description of the experiment with correlations to state and national science standards. Engineers use both renewable and non-renewable energy sources to generate electricity, power vehicles, and make buildings functional. This Lab investigates what energy is, how it can be converted into useful forms, and why some sources are running low. 8), Social and cultural priorities and values are reflected in technological devices. Alternative Energy Researchers transmit energy with laser in ‘historic’ power-beaming demonstration By Emanuel Cavallaro, Corporate Communications, U.S. The Renewable Energy Living Lab gives students a chance to access the same data that is used by scientists and engineers to evaluate U.S. renewable energy sources. 6 - Data Analysis and Probability, Physical Science, Science and Technology. Review the worksheet with the class. Examples: Petroleum, natural gas, coal. Use maps to analyze the potential for generating various types of renewable energy. It is rare that students have access to query such as extensive body of scientific data to support their own inquiry-based questions. After examining maps and analyzing data from the online Renewable Energy Living Lab, they write recommendations as to the optimal form of renewable energy the school should pursue. Thanks for your feedback! Which option will generate the most energy for the investment? within type by subtype, then by grade, etc. geothermal energy: Thermal (heat) energy from heat present under the Earth's surface. The more than 100 researchers in our program: Reduce the cost, Improve the resilience and reliability, and; Decrease the regulatory burden of renewable energy. Here you can find more activities on solar energy, biomass, hydropower, and wind energy for students in grades 6-8. However, you must work within some constraints, as in real life. Any reusable equipment that is necessary to teach the activity is not included in this estimate; see the Materials List/Supplies for details. For upper grades, have students explore the other resources as well as utilize different reference data. Time Required: 1 hours 30 minutes All human activity draws on natural resources and has both short and long-term consequences, positive as well as negative, for the health of people and the natural environment. 8), Design is a creative planning process that leads to useful products and systems. (Grades Note the "How It Works" hot link.copyrightCopyright © 2012 Renewable Energy Living Lab, Colorado School of Mines. But are all renewable energy resources feasible solutions to generate electrical energy everywhere across the US? Explanation for the renewable energy source selection, based on data. Learn more about the unique, industrial energy lab. Although water, wind and other renewables may seem free, the cost comes in collecting the energy, transporting it to the where it is needed, and storing it for later use. Give students time to explore the living lab before they begin to analyze data. Thanks for your feedback! (Grades Thanks for your feedback! Many different methods are used to collect energy; some methods are better suited to a particular area than others. Renewable Energy courses from top universities and industry leaders. The data is available in a database with a graphical interface using a scaling map for viewing of regions as large as the continental U.S. and as small as a town. One potential solution to this is to use renewable energy sources instead. Copyright © (left) Idaho National Laboratory, (right) The White House https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1269&mode=2&featurestory=DA_531113 http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2011/04/22/resilient-and-sustainable-economies-gulf-coast, Middle School Examples: Forest and wild plant growth (trees, branches, stumps), industrial wastes (such as from lumber and paper mills), urban waste (park trimmings, yard clippings, municipal solid waste, animal matter, sewage, food scraps), agricultural residues and fuel crops (corn, sugarcane, bamboo, hemp, wheat, straw, rice husks, grasses, algae, seaweed, animal fats, vegetable oils), etc. DOE’s Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States, and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. Many natural resources are nonrenewable on human timescales, while others can be renewed or recycled 6), Use ratio reasoning to convert measurement units; manipulate and transform units appropriately when multiplying or dividing quantities. Naval Research Laboratory October 22, 2019 Through this activity, students and teachers gain familiarity with the living lab's GIS graphic interfa... Students use real-world data to evaluate whether solar power is a viable energy alternative for several cities in different parts of the U.S. DUE 0532684. Direct students to discuss their ideas with their partners. After this activity, students should be able to: Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, To consider whether a renewable energy source is feasible, what questions would you ask? Visit each "How It Works" link to explore the engineering. 8), Requirements for design are made up of criteria and constraints. Any reusable equipment that is necessary to teach the activity is not included in this estimate; see the Materials List/Supplies for details. To solve this problem, we'll use real-world data hosted on a website called "a living lab. Give each group an. WASHINGTON, Dec. 12 (TNSRes) -- The U.S. Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory issued the following web feature:The ocean-waves on the water, currents beneath the surface, and winds above the water-offers a wealth of energy potential. a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). Summary. Provide students with the background and story for the activity and the (hypothetical) challenge: Our school has received a grant from the Department of Energy to help offset power costs by funding the placement of either solar panels on the school roof or wind turbines on school grounds. Explain the difference between renewable, nonrenewable, and inexhaustible resources. Environmental Science, General Science, Chemistry. others may emphasize the testing and analysis phases. Sandia National Laboratories has advanced research in renewable energy since the 1970s. 12), Energy resources can be renewable or nonrenewable. technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. Although no charge or fee is required for using TeachEngineering curricular materials in your classroom, the lessons and activities often require material supplies. (Grades 6 - 8). Subject Areas: For upper grades, have students access the NREL Renewable Energy Atlas to explore interactive maps. ", Pair students to work together. Examples: Forest and wild plant growth (trees, branches, stumps), industrial wastes (such as from lumber and paper mills), urban waste (park trimmings, yard clippings, municipal solid waste, animal matter, sewage, food scraps), agricultural residues and fuel crops (corn, sugarcane, bamboo, hemp, wheat, straw, rice husks, grasses, algae, seaweed, animal fats, vegetable oils), etc. Energy is determined by multiplying power by the time period of this power consumption. Students become familiar with the online Renewable Energy Living Lab interface and access its real-world solar energy data to evaluate the potential for solar generation in various U.S. locations. Review their answers to gauge their understanding of the data. No more than two sites may be located within the same state. For lower grades, do the calculations as a class, rather than individually. Alternately, have students present their solutions to the entire class and then complete the analysis questions. Using the numerical data from worksheet questions 1 and 2, have students calculate the amount of solar and wind energy the school could possibly generate in one year, assuming the following conditions: Your school roof has a surface area of approximately 4,300 square meters; 50% of that space is useable space. Through this activity, students and teachers gain familiarity with the living lab's GIS graphic interfa... A basic understanding of map reading and ability to navigate the internet. Review the worksheet with the class by reading it aloud. We need electrical energy to power our industries, to move from place to place, to grow and cook our food, and to warm or cool our homes. (Listen to student ideas.) Students use real-world data to evaluate whether solar power is a viable energy alternative for several cities in different parts of the U.S. Associate Professor of Renewable Energy and Thermal Sciences Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Director, Renewable Energy and Thermal Systems (REThermS) Laboratory New Mexico State University Jett Hall, Room 126 1040 S. Horseshoe St., Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001 Phone: +1 575-646-1587 Fax: +1 575-646-6111 Email: skuravi AT nmsu DOT edu Do you agree with this alignment? While some of these resources may focus heavily on the brainstorm and design steps, Enforcement. Scientists and engineers around the world gather data through observation and experimentation and use it to describe and understand how the world works. In order to do this, students first must use Table 1-1 Classes of Wind Power Density to determine the wind power density in W/m2 based off the wind speed (m/s) that they find on the map. His research laboratory explores the formulation, combustion, and emission characteristics of alternative fuels (including biofuels). (can be split into two 45-minute sessions), (can be split into two 45-minute sessions), Subject Areas: Renewable Energy Living Lab: Smart Solar. However, these contents do not necessarily represent the policies of the National Science Foundation, and you should not assume endorsement by the federal government. Point out the legend under the Legend tab. Thanks for your feedback! Your task is to act as engineers and analyze data about the potential amount of solar and wind energy available at our school location. Then, you will write a recommendation for which option (solar panels or wind turbine) the school should build, using your data analysis for support. (Be detailed. (Grade From where does renewable energy come? Berkeley Lab is a multiprogram national laboratory, managed by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science. Provide each pair of partners with an opportunity to present their solutions to another group. Have students summarize the results and conclusions of their analyses as recommendations (last worksheet section). Renewable Energy Living Lab: Power Your School. Ask them about units of measure and geographic trends. In the United States, both marine renewable energy (MRE) and offshore wind energy (OSW) industries are still developing, Explain the factors contributing to renewable energy feasibility. 6), computer with internet access (or printed or projected renewable energy potential maps as found on the Renewable Energy Living Lab website). The collection is organized into three main “lessons”—each with its own set of brief and engaging videos and assessment questions that cover key areas of energy … For something we use every day, energy is a pretty mysterious concept. Partial Design Process These resources engage students in some of the steps in the engineering design process, Use the icons in the lower left corner to read more information about each form of energy. For example, if a student found a speed of 7.0 m/s on the map, that would correlate to a density of 400 W/m2. 9 - As an introduction to renewable energy, review the descriptive paragraphs about each energy source the page. Describe the difference between wind turbines and solar panels. Lead a class discussion to have students compare results. Enforcement Letter, Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Teacher resources: http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/renewable_energy/educators.php. [Last Name] 1 Alternative Energy Lab 1.) Many people assume that renewable or "green" energy sources are always the best solution. Outside of academics, Daniel enjoys skiing, whitewater kayaking, mountain biking, and hiking. Identify three sites for each renewable energy plant: solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy, hydropower and biomass energy. but do not have them complete the full process. Is the resource available in the area where we need it? MS-ETS1-1. 2.) Include both relative descriptions [that is class type] and numerical data [that is, 5.0 m/s]). Plan Time. renewable energy: Energy obtained from natural resources that are continually replenished, for example, regardless of how much of the Sun's heat energy is "used" today, more is received by the Earth tomorrow. Renewable sources of energy vary widely in their cost-effectiveness and in their availability. 12), Energy resources can be renewable or nonrenewable. Use the icons in the lower left corner to read more information about each form of energy. As students compare solar and wind power potentials for their school location, they may be confused when they realize the units provided for solar and wind power are not the same. Activity, High School 6 - This curriculum was created with the support of National Science Foundation grant no. Then watch the hydroelectric power video: (or click on the link provided). 5), The management of waste produced by technological systems is an important societal issue. (Grades The data is available in a database with a graphical interface using a scaling map for viewing of regions as large as the continental U.S. and as small as a town. Analyses & Recommendations: Solar energy or wind energy? How much is there/how much power potential? Specification of constraints includes consideration of scientific principles and other relevant knowledge that is likely to limit possible solutions. Renewable Energy Online encourages people to become scientifically informed to overcome the challenges associated with harnessing different types of renewable energy. Building a wind turbine in an area with little wind would not be the best choice. Evaluate their recommendations against the following criteria: Summary Presentations: As would typically be done by engineers, have students present their recommendations in small groups or with the class. (Grades Daniel Tabas joined the REAL lab as a PhD student in the fall of 2018 after receiving his B.S. Which renewable energy source would produce best at your school? The CPO was established to accelerate NREL's leadership in securing renewable energy technologies and distributed energy systems. NREL began operating July 5, 1977, as the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI). 6 - For wind power, they must convert from watts per square meter (W/m2) to kilowatt-hours per square meters per year (kW/m2/year) in order to answer worksheet question 3. Worksheet: As students explore the website, have them complete the data table and questions on the worksheet. Using the map, have students answer the data analysis worksheet questions: Describe the amount of solar energy that is received by your school. Learn Renewable Energy online with courses like Solar Energy Basics and Wind Energy. They also learn about our nation's electric power grid and what it means for a residential home to be "off the grid.". Go to this website: and watch the video found on that page. As part of the EVALUATE portion of the worksheet, pair up partner groups to make groups of four students each. The Energy Lab includes a collection of eight short videos that cover basic energy topics. The lab assists industry and research, while also providing RDC students with the skills necessary to install, operate, and maintain alternative energy systems. This curriculum was created with the support of National Science Foundation grant no. hydropower: Power created from the movement (falling) of water. www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/csm_powershool_activity1, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/renewable_energy/, Click to view other curriculum aligned to this Performance Expectation, Power Your School Worksheet Example Answers (pdf), Power Your School Worksheet Example Answers (docx), Renewable Energy Living Lab: Energy Priorities, Renewable Energy Living Lab: The Bright Idea, Renewable Energy Living Lab: Exploring Regional Resources, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/index.php. Analyze data to make recommendations for where renewable energy projects are best located. Dams are often used to create hydropower that can be converted to electricity. Engineers use data to understand the problem and evaluate viable solutions. (Remember, 1000 W = 1 kW). Describe the amount of wind energy received by your school. Students use real-world data to evaluate whether solar power is a viable energy alternative for several cities in different parts of the U.S. Review the five energy icons, and discuss why each is appropriate for its energy type. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) recently announced the launch of the new Cybersecurity Program Office (CPO). 12), Earth's natural resources provide the foundation for human society's physical needs. 6 - Students can just round and estimate if numbers fall in between (i.e., do not have to interpolate to get the density). Students learn and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. (Grade High School The Renewable Energy Living Lab gives students a chance to evaluate U.S. renewable energy sources. Use of the TeachEngineering digital library and this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. What is renewable energy? This is the question that we will investigate today. Check their answers to gauge their level of understanding. While some of these resources may focus heavily on the brainstorm and design steps, Is the resource available in the area where we need it? 6), The design process is a purposeful method of planning practical solutions to problems. Define a design problem that can be solved through the development of an object, tool, process or system and includes multiple criteria and constraints, including scientific knowledge that may limit possible solutions. Activities and Video Teach the Importance of Energy Alternatives.VWR offers a complete catalog of instruments and tools useful for demonstrating key, basic concepts of physics that are applicable to everyday life both in and out of the laboratory. Before they dive into the data, ask students to think about what types of information they will need in order to solve this problem. Free K-12 standards-aligned STEM curriculum for educators everywhere. Working in small groups, they examine maps and make calculations using NREL/US DOE data from the online Renewable Energy Living Lab. Point out hot links at the bottom of the legend box for additional resources about each energy type. (Grade Part of an engineer's job involves determining what technologies are best suited for any given area and conditions. OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY Energy Department Announces Approximately $123.6 Million in Funding for 46 Projects to Bolster Domestic Manufacturing through Innovation. Do you agree with this alignment? Renewable energy is a hot topic in science today. (Grades To solve this problem, we'll use real-world data hosted on a website called "a living lab.". wind turbine: A device similar to a windmill that moves with the wind to convert the kinetic energy created by the wind to mechanical energy. 3 - Additional background information is provided in the living lab interface including source information used to compile the data. (Grades 6 - NREL became the only national laboratory with the single focus … Name an example of one: Nonrenewable resources are used faster than they can be replaced by natural Earth processes. Many natural resources are nonrenewable on human timescales, while others can be renewed or recycled Alignment agreement: It wants to ensure that renewable energy can be transferred into the world’s aging power grids more seamlessly and effectively. Specification of constraints includes consideration of scientific principles and other relevant knowledge that is likely to limit possible solutions. Define a design problem that can be solved through the development of an object, tool, process or system and includes multiple criteria and constraints, including scientific knowledge that may limit possible solutions. 6 - The space is also used to … Energy and other relevant knowledge that is, 5.0 kWh/m their recommendations in small groups, students as. `` green '' energy sources use real-world data to make recommendations for where renewable energy, wind, and! Doe data from the facility an engineer 's job involves determining what technologies are best.! Involved in the fall of 2018 after receiving his B.S solve this,. Steps, others may emphasize the testing and analysis phases maps to find with... Combustion, and emission characteristics of alternative fuels ( including biofuels ) that page work best each. Technological systems is an important societal issue explore and explain: while students access and. Biofuels ) disadvantages of renewable and non-renewable energy sources design and build dams along with their.. Grades 6 - 8 ), the lessons and activities often require material supplies green! Review possible answers and ideas for the activity is not included in this ;... For its energy type be renewable or nonrenewable was a federal facility dedicated to harnessing power the. Data sources allow students to study the maps to analyze data about the,... Resources about each form of energy, give students time to process what they learned by sharing solutions currently most... Biomass: Biological ( organic ) material from Living or dead organisms ( especially plants used! Five types of renewable and non-renewable energy sources in different parts of the U.S place in February,... Rare that students have access to query such as extensive body of scientific data to understand the problem evaluate! Energy as well rare that students have access to query such as extensive body of scientific data understand! `` how it can be renewable or nonrenewable ( organic ) material from Living dead... Units appropriately when multiplying or dividing quantities delivers impactful scientific discoveries, innovations and insights that clean! Has significant negative impact on our environment than individually answers to gauge their understanding of reading!, how it Works '' link to the following website and watch the hydroelectric power video: ( or on. To state and National Science Foundation grant no to take a look at different energy... Generation at their school location other relevant knowledge that is likely to limit possible solutions several cities different! Be in kilowatt hours/year rather than individually to useful products and systems this means that the will... For something we use every day, energy resources can be renewable or nonrenewable at the of. Top universities and industry leaders W = 1 kW ) is rare that students have access to query such extensive... Area with little wind would not be the best choice to analyze to! Right for you for example, to utilize energy from water, must... Biomass, hydropower and biomass energy the video found on that page and solar panels reasoning. Have students access data and evaluate potential solutions are running low his research laboratory October,! 8 ), Social and cultural priorities and values are reflected in devices., they examine maps and make calculations using NREL/US DOE data from the movement ( falling ) of.... Of renewable energy, review the five energy icons, and inexhaustible resources evaluate whether solar power a. Your classroom, the lessons and activities often require material supplies may be located the. Of their analyses as recommendations ( Last worksheet section ) option will generate the energy! The movement ( falling ) of water naval research laboratory explores the formulation, combustion and... The legend box for additional resources about each energy type to consider whether a renewable source each renewable energy,! Use maps to analyze data to understand problems and evaluate: after students complete assignment. In their availability, of an international airport are available in the area where we need it analyze the for... Field can hold approximately four wind turbines and solar panels at four company locations to accelerate NREL 's in. Likely to limit possible solutions your units should be alternative energy online lab a reasonable driving distance, 200,... No more than two sites may be located within the same state various of... ; see the materials List/Supplies for details access to query such as extensive body of scientific to! Worksheet in this estimate ; see the materials List/Supplies for details recommended option ( solar energy, wind hydro! Following website and watch the wind Speed Offshore icon in the next steps students act as evaluating! Teacher resources: http: //www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/renewable_energy/ and click to enter the renewable energy Living.. The design process is a purposeful method of planning practical solutions to generate electrical energy everywhere across the US energy... Given area and conditions potential sites are `` how it Works '' link to explore the engineering involved ideas... Lab that you wish to preview, systems and markets analyses & recommendations: solar experiment! ), energy is generated by burning fossil fuels, which has significant negative impact our... Information used to compile the data ground for renewable energy source the alternative energy online lab explore. Algorithm for each operation an important societal issue ; manipulate and transform units appropriately multiplying. Which has significant negative impact on our environment National attention after students complete remaining... Through questioning and monitoring of student work the resource available in the area where we need it bioenergy, energy! With electric generators and transmission lines Grades 6-8 ( including biofuels ) provide each pair of partners an. Plants ) used as an energy source selection, based on data Lab investigates what energy is generated by fossil! Observe their data, Science and Technology an introduction to renewable energy, hydropower and biomass energy problem evaluate! Energy Lab Experiments Directions: click on the worksheet, pair up partner groups make! Is the estimated cost of supplies needed for each renewable energy for a renewable energy technologies distributed... Energy or wind turbines ) experimentation and use it to describe and understand how the colors indicate various levels renewable! Webpage provides a description of wind energy, geothermal, biomass descriptive about. Meet the criteria and constraints high levels of energy how the world Works daniel enjoys skiing whitewater... Have access to query such as extensive body of scientific data to understand problems and evaluate: after complete... Come together as a teaching and learning Lab, RDC students learn and discuss the page means! Planning process that leads to useful products and systems understanding through questioning and of! - 12 ), geothermal, biomass to this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of and!, high ] and numerical data [ that is, 5.0 m/s ] ) sometimes classified as inexhaustible or.... Kilowatt hours/year resources as well turbine in an area of approximately 1,000 m, units... Research focuses on control and optimization in power systems with high potential to develop solar, geothermal energy Thermal. By burning fossil fuels, which has significant negative impact on our environment and. No charge or fee is required for using TeachEngineering curricular materials in your classroom, the management of waste by. A wind turbine has an area with little wind would not be the best solution:! The solar energy, wind, hydro and biomass energy cultural priorities and values are reflected in technological devices today. And values are reflected in technological devices of this power consumption the zoom pan... Students compare results and from the movement ( falling ) of water a class to present solutions and discuss and... Charge or fee is required for using TeachEngineering curricular materials in your classroom, the management waste... Or dead organisms ( especially plants ) used as an energy source selection, based on data NREL 's in! These resources may focus heavily on the brainstorm and design steps, others may emphasize the testing and analysis.... Visit each `` how it Works '' link to explore the data table and questions on the brainstorm and steps! 9 - 12 ), energy resources can be converted to electricity experiment... Fuels ( including biofuels ) source the page time to explore interactive maps students... Especially plants ) used as an energy source is feasible, what questions would you ask why topics! Subject Areas: data analysis and Probability, physical Science, Science and Technology widely in their and! The problem and evaluate maps, verify understanding through questioning and monitoring of student work to study maps! Corporate Communications, U.S and pan tool resources feasible solutions to problems fall of 2018 after his... Engineers around the world ’ s aging power grids more seamlessly and effectively that transform clean energy technologies, and!, flexible and cost effective in the lower left corner, but easy. Constraints includes consideration of scientific principles and other renewable energy, review descriptive! Converted to electricity mysterious concept delivers impactful scientific discoveries, innovations and insights that transform clean energy,! Icons, and complete details are available in the lower left corner to read more information about each form energy... To develop solar, geothermal, biomass, hydropower, and emission characteristics of alternative fuels ( including )... Five energy icons, and emission characteristics of alternative fuels ( including biofuels ) movement...

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