In hydrothermal vent communities, these bacteria are the first step in the food chain. Food chains start with a primary producer. They also realized that an entirely unique ecosystem, including hundreds of new species, existed around the vents. The scientists had made a fascinating discovery—deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Whilst it was a surprise to find bacteria tolerating extreme temperatures, most Life on a hydrothermal vent Primary producers: the base of the food web The color depends on the minerals present in the water. Chemosynthetic bacteria obtain energy from the chemical bonds of hydrogen sulfide. The Deep Sea Food Web by Grace Eichenour Key: Eaten by or related to Humans/Top Predator Eaten by or related to Secondary Consumers Eaten by or related to Higher Level/Tertiary Consumers Top Predator Eaten by or related to Primary Consumers No arrow means they create their own Primary producers (organisms that make their own food from sunlight and/or chemical energy from deep sea vents) are the base of every food chain - these organisms are called autotrophs. 1. A food chain is a set of linkages that show who eats who in an ecosystem and the transfer of energy that takes place. Vents have been located at depths varying from 1500 to 4000 meters. Some vents produce "white smokers". Trophic Levels: The trophic level of an organism is the position it holds in a food chain. Decomposers are bacteria that chemically break down organic matter. Sievert adds that these techniques are helping scientists to shed more light on interactions among organisms in vent food webs. The hawksbill sea turtle is an omnivore, feeding on sea urchins, mollusks, crustaceans and algae. Around 400 different kinds of animals are found at vents including tube worms, giant clams, mussels, crabs, shrimp and starfish all at varying levels of the food chain, with chemoautotrophic bacteria at the bottom (figure 911). They're the producers of this ecosystem. Some vent fields may remain active for 10,000 years, but individual vents are much shorter-lived. A network of many food chains is called a food web. The primary marine food web, which is based on plant productivity, includes many of the sea's species—but not all of them. A food chain starts with the primary energy source, usually the sun or boiling-hot deep sea vents. A food chain is the sequence of who eats whom in a biological community (an ecosystem) to obtain nutrition. Bathymodiolus deep sea mussels, which are often the first creatures to colonize the vent and are able to survive for a short time after the vent is inactive. They are also helping them assess the role of deep-sea vents in cycling chemicals such as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur between rocks, the ocean, and living things. Serpulid, or “feather duster” worms, and tevnia tubeworms, which are often the food of choice for vent crabs, the top predator of the vent community. Growth continues as long as there is a supply of hydrothermal fluid. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2018.00049 FIGURE 9 – VENT FOOD WEB. 2. The answer is chemosynthetic bacteria in deep sea vents, which use chemicals instead of sunlight to make their own food. Sea urchins, mollusks, crustaceans and algae of hydrothermal fluid years, but vents... Based on plant productivity, includes many of the sea 's species—but not all of them they also that... 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